JAMA Neurol. Seizures as a clinical manifestation in somatic autoimmune disorders. Identification and Treatment of Autoimmune Epilepsy. July 13, Front Immunol. Published Apr Autoimmune epilepsy: clinical characteristics and response to immunotherapy.
Arch Neurol. Population-level evidence for an autoimmune etiology of epilepsy. Retrospective case series of the clinical features, management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune epilepsy. Korff, Russell C. Pediatrics Sep , 3 e; DOI: Case Rep Psychiatry.
Published Jun First 1 2 Last. Mounting evidence indicates that abnormal autoimmune activity can elicit a sudden onset of seizures in adults. Focal seizures take place when abnormal electrical brain function occurs in one or more areas of one side of the brain.
Before a focal seizure, you may have an aura, or signs that a seizure is about to occur. This is more common with a complex focal seizure. The most common aura involves feelings, such as deja vu, impending doom, fear, or euphoria. Or you may have visual changes, hearing abnormalities, or changes in your sense of smell. The 2 types of focal seizures include:. The symptoms depend on which area of the brain is affected. If the abnormal electrical brain function is in the part of the brain involved with vision occipital lobe , your sight may be altered.
More often, muscles are affected. The seizure activity is limited to an isolated muscle group. For example, it may only include the fingers, or larger muscles in the arms and legs. You may also have sweating, nausea, or become pale.
This type of seizure often occurs in the area of the brain that controls emotion and memory function temporal lobe.
You will likely lose consciousness. This may not mean you pass out. You may just stop being aware of what's going on around you. You may look awake, but have a variety of unusual behaviors.
These may range from gagging, lip smacking, running, screaming, crying, or laughing. You may be tired or sleepy after the seizure. This is called the postictal period. A generalized seizure occurs in both sides of the brain. You will lose consciousness and be tired after the seizure postictal state.
Types of generalized seizures include:. This is also called petit mal seizure. This seizure causes a brief changed state of consciousness and staring. You will likely maintain your posture. Your mouth or face may twitch or your eyes may blink rapidly. The seizure usually lasts no longer than 30 seconds. When the seizure is over, you may not recall what just occurred. You may go on with your activities as though nothing happened.
These seizures may occur several times a day. This is also called a drop attack. With an atonic seizure, you have a sudden loss of muscle tone and may fall from a standing position or suddenly drop your head. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Schachter SC. Evaluation and management of the first seizure in adults. Accessed Sept. Daroff RB, et al.
In: Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Elsevier; Accessed May 5, The epilepsies and seizures: Hope through research. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Types of seizures. Epilepsy Foundation. Accessed Sep. First seizure adult.
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; Seizure first aid. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Haider HA, et al. Neuroimaging in the evaluation of seizures and epilepsy. Neurological diagnostic tests and procedures fact sheet. Schachter SC. Any of us could potentially have a single epileptic seizure at some point in our lives.
This is not the same as having epilepsy, which is a tendency to have seizures that start in the brain. Epilepsy is not just one condition, but a group of many different 'epilepsies' with one thing in common: a tendency to have seizures that start in the brain.
Did you know that the Greek philosopher Hippocrates BC was the first person to think that epilepsy starts in the brain? Find out more interesting facts and debunked myths around epilepsy and seizures. Order or download our seizures leaflet:. Download the PDF Order the leaflet from our shop.
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