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The same meaning of unsaturated used here for hydrocarbons is also used to describe fats and oils, which are hydrocarbon derivatives. Unsaturated fats contain carbon chains that are unsaturated usually containing at least one double bond.
Some fats contain several double bonds, and these are called polyunsaturated fats. The degree of unsaturation affects the melting point of the fat, as well as its health properties. To learn more about this topic, check out the Chemistry LibreTexts page on alkenes one type of unsaturated hydrocarbon or alkynes , another type of unsaturated hydrocarbon. Collectively, they are called unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have fewer hydrogen atoms than does an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, as is indicated in the following general formulas:.
The double bond is shared by the two carbons and does not involve the hydrogen atoms, although the condensed formula does not make this point obvious.
Note that the molecular formula for ethene is C 2 H 4 , whereas that for ethane is C 2 H 6. Ethylene is a major commercial chemical. The US chemical industry produces about 25 billion kilograms of ethylene annually, more than any other synthetic organic chemical. More than half of this ethylene goes into the manufacture of polyethylene, one of the most familiar plastics.
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