Learn more about the Second Intermediate Period. So we know that Kamose has besieged Avaris and really done a job on Apophis from this stela. There are actually two versions of the stela, even. He must have put it up in various places. This was like a big deal to tell people about. Kamose dies, and the final expulsion of the Hyksos is by his brother, Ahmose, and we have records of Ahmose expelling the Hyksos also.
Ahmose, son of Ebana, was a career military man. There were lots of those in Egypt. The military was a way to rise up through the ranks and do quite well, because one of the reasons you could do quite well is they had plundering. What he says is on the walls of his tomb. He tells about how he was rewarded and what he did.
They chased the Hyksos all the way north to Palestine, so the Hyksos were finally kicked out of Egypt. So we do have a kind of resolution to it. These foreigners, these vile Hyksos, are kicked out, and Ahmose, son of Ebana, the military man, tells us, the pharaoh rewarded me.
I was given slaves. These were the people who did the work in the temple. They would clean the temple or do whatever. So we do have a clear, clear picture here that the Hyksos are finally expelled. Kamose starts it. Ahmose finishes it, and Ahmose is going to be the first king of the next dynasty and the New Kingdom. Learn more about Joseph in Egypt. The Hyksos had mostly confined themselves to the Delta in the south, but towards the end the Theban princes in the north had become stronger and there was a battle between the Hyksos king Apophis and the Theban prince Seqenenre Tao II.
Ahmose, the brother of Kamose, drove the Hyksos north up to Palestine and truly expelled them from Egypt. Following this Ahmose became the first king of the next dynasty and the New Kingdom. Ahmose , the son of Theban prince Seqenenre Tao II and the brother of Kamose, is most famous for expelling the foreign rulers, the Hyksos out of Egypt. By Bob Brier, Ph. Dynasty XV saw the Hyksos, the foreigners, ruling Egypt from their stronghold in the north.
This notable period was marked by the influx of new technologies into Egypt, from the horse and chariot to glass manufacturing. The Hyksos influence also set precedents for the international diplomacy that was followed in the Amarna Letters, and many believe the Hyksos spurred New Kingdom imperial expansion.
Further research on the Hyksos and their important contributions will illuminate the broader history of the civilization of ancient Egypt. Bader, B. Duistermaat and I. Regulski, — Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta Bietak, M. London: British Museum Press. Leuven: Peeters. Candelora, D. Oren, E. University Museum Monograph As was common royal practice for the time period, Ahhotep and Seqenenre Tao, sister and brother, married each other.
But his fight was to be short-lived. Seqenenre Tao died as a result of wounds received in battle with the Hyksos. The impacts appeared to be have been inflicted by a narrow ax blade typical of the Hyksos. Explore how priests and pracitioners made mummies in ancient Egypt.
Despite the death of the king, the war against the Hyksos continued. The next king, Kamose—perhaps a son of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep—continued the rebellion against the Hyksos.
Like his predecessor, Kamose would die on the battlefield just three short years after his accession. Historians believe that Queen Ahhotep reigned as regent during this time since her son was too young to rule officially. Thebes needed strong leadership at this moment, and Ahhotep proved up to the challenge. Menaced by the Hyksos to the north, Ahhotep faced a threat from the south as well. Nubia had forged an alliance with Hyksos, creating a threat to Thebes on two sides.
Already rattled by internal revolts, the queen was forced to reckon with problems on several fronts to defend the kingdom. Evidence exists for the important role Ahhotep played in continuing with the anti-Hyksos campaign, even as Thebes faced dangers from the south.
Military honors were found among her grave goods. She governs vast numbers of people and cares for Egypt wisely; she has attended to its army; she has looked after it; she has forced its enemies to leave and united dissenters; she has pacified Upper and Lower Egypt and made the rebels submit. The pharaoh also took the care to honor his grandmother Tetisheri by building a cenotaph to her in Abydos, the center of the cult of Osiris, the god of the afterlife.
By the time he was ruling as pharaoh, Ahmose was able to complete the campaigns started by his mother and others before her. Around B. With Ahhotep maintaining control in Thebes, Ahmose seized gold-rich territories in Nubia to the south, and then he returned north to drive the Hyksos from the Egyptian border, beyond the Sinai.
After a century of turmoil, the first king of the 18th dynasty ruled, at last, over a reunited Egypt. Read more: How Egyptian pharaohs delivered divine justice from beyond the grave.
Following tradition, Ahmose took his sister as his wife. Like the matriarchs preceding her, Queen Ahmose Nefertari was well prepared to rule because she had witnessed firsthand the hardships involved.
From her mother she inherited the strength and energy needed to rule as queen, supervising the transition to the period of peace and harmony from wartime. Learn which other royal families practiced incest. Ahmose Nefertari came to play an important role in Egyptian religion. Reflecting the rise in Theban influence, Amun—until then a regional deity—was becoming the most powerful god in the whole of Egypt. The stela served as a legal document that established the role the queen was to play in the temple, together with a large donation of land and goods by Pharaoh Ahmose to the queen and her heirs.
The function of the new title was priestly, which gave her high social standing and, more important, allowed her to participate in the lives of the gods, thus giving her divine protection against danger. Ahmose Nefertari was also notably involved in monitoring and supervising construction. Her name is on texts recording the opening of mines and quarries, whose wealth would underwrite the achievements of the 18th dynasty.
Together with her son Amenhotep I, she was traditionally regarded as the patron of what is today known as Deir el Medina, the village for craftsmen working on the construction of royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings. According to the Egyptian myth of Kamutef, every night the sun god inseminated Nut, the goddess of heaven.
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