An indirect object can only occur if there's already a direct object, and it only occurs after some verbs. An indirect object indicates the person or thing that receives what is being done or given—that is, who or what is on the receiving end of the direct object. It comes between the verb and the direct object:. Although the phrase "a dime a dozen" comes right after the verb—which is definitely direct and indirect object territory—the phrase does not receive the action of the verb are.
There's a third kind of object we haven't mentioned yet: the object of a preposition. More on those below, in the part about prepositions. Prepositions show direction, location, or time, or introduce an object.
They are usually followed by an object—a noun, noun phrase, or a pronoun. The most common prepositions are little and very common:. Prepositions typically show how the noun, noun phrase, or pronoun is related to another word in the sentence. Prepositions with their objects form prepositional phrases. A gerund is a kind of noun that looks suspiciously like a verb. Gerunds end in -ing , just like the present participle of a verb i.
In fact, you can't tell the difference between a gerund and an -ing verb until you see it in action. If it's a gerund, it'll be acting like a noun, as in these examples:. Yodeling is not all those grammarians can do. Yodeling is the subject of the sentence. Don't pretend you're not impressed by their yodeling. Yodeling is the object of the preposition by. If you're invigorated, you've been affected by invigoration. Or good yodeling. Almost all verbs have two important forms called participles.
Participles are forms that are used to create several verb tenses tenses show when an action happened ; they can also be used as adjectives. The present participle always ends in -ing ; it's the form that looks just like a gerund: yodeling , remembering , going.
The past participle usually ends in -ed yodeled , remembered , but there are plenty of exceptions to that rule, such as forgotten and gone. The past participle is usually the same at the plain old past tense yodeled , remembered , but not always: forgot , went. As we said above, a participle can also be used as an adjective that is, to describe a noun or pronoun.
A present participle an -ing word describes the person or thing that causes something; for example, an invigorating yodel is one that invigorates.
A past participle usually an -ed word describes the person or thing who has been affected by something; for example, an invigorated person is one who has been affected by invigoration. Too much is never enough! Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!
Log in Sign Up. Here are some subjects being subjects, but in bold : I hear yodeling. The yodeling is coming from over there. Information about grammar can apparently be yodeled. Those grammarians are excellent yodelers.
There is another yodeling grammarian. We are surrounded by yodeling grammarians. Now go on to the next page to learn how to book a table in a restaurant and phrases for talking to the waiter. You can also practise your listening: English Conversations: In a Restaurant. I can help you speak English more easily! Get your first 10 English fluency phrases here! Skip to content.
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Lend or borrow? Less or fewer? Look at , see or watch? Low or short? Man , mankind or people? Maybe or may be? Maybe or perhaps?
Nearest or next? Never or not … ever? Nice or sympathetic? No doubt or without doubt? No or not? Nowadays , these days or today? Open or opened? Opportunity or possibility? Opposite or in front of? Other , others , the other or another?
Out or out of? Permit or permission? Person , persons or people? Pick or pick up? Play or game? Politics , political , politician or policy? Price or prize? Principal or principle? Quiet or quite? Raise or rise? Remember or remind? Right or rightly? Rob or steal? Say or tell? So that or in order that? Sometimes or sometime?
Sound or noise? Speak or talk? Such or so? Towards or toward? Wait or wait for? Wake , wake up or awaken? Worth or worthwhile? Noun phrases: dependent words Noun phrases: order Noun phrases: uses Noun phrases: noun phrases and verbs Noun phrases: two noun phrases together. Pronouns: possessive my , mine , your , yours , etc.
Pronouns: reflexive myself , themselves , etc. Pronouns: indefinite - body , - one , - thing , - where Pronouns: one , you , we , they Relative pronouns Questions: interrogative pronouns what , who Someone , somebody , something , somewhere That.
Dates Measurements Number Time. Geographical places Names and titles: addressing people Nationalities, languages, countries and regions Place names. Reported speech Reported speech: direct speech Reported speech: indirect speech. British and American English Dialect Double negatives and usage Formal and informal language Newspaper headlines Register Slang Standard and non-standard language Swearing and taboo expressions.
Past simple I worked Past continuous I was working Past continuous or past simple? Past simple or present perfect? Used to Past perfect simple I had worked Past perfect continuous I had been working Past perfect simple or past perfect continuous? Past perfect simple or past simple? Past verb forms referring to the present Past: typical errors. Present continuous I am working Present perfect continuous I have been working Present perfect simple I have worked Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous?
Present perfect: typical errors Present simple I work Present simple or present continuous? Present: typical errors Present verb forms referring to the past. Finite and non-finite verbs Imperative clauses Be quiet! Infinitives with and without to Infinitive: active or passive? Perfect infinitive with to to have worked Verbs: basic forms Verbs: formation.
Hate , like , love and prefer Hear , see , etc. Get passive Have something done Passive: forms Passives with and without an agent Passive: uses Passive: other forms Passive: typical errors. Conditionals Conditionals: if Conditionals: other expressions unless, should, as long as Conditionals: typical errors If only In case of Suppose , supposing and what if Wish.
Word classes and phrase classes Word formation Prefixes Suffixes Compounds Abbreviations, initials and acronyms -ish and -y Diminutives - let , - y and mini- Hyphens. Word order and focus Word order: structures Cleft sentences It was in June we got married. Fronting Inversion No sooner Not only … but also. Relative clauses Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence Relative clauses: defining and non-defining Relative clauses: typical errors.
Neither, neither … nor and not … either Not. Questions: alternative questions Is it black or grey? Questions: two-step questions Questions: typical errors Questions: wh- questions Questions: yes-no questions Are you feeling cold?
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